The mark design shorter the potential for bear in mind and you can solutions biases, and the higher level out of storage shorter prejudice because of good losses to check out-upwards. Diet was examined many times during go after-up, and that grabbed into account alterations in restaurants behavior and you can shorter dimension error; although not, specific mistake is inevitable. In the event strokes were worry about-claimed, data doctors, lacking the knowledge of this new self-stated chance basis position regarding members, reviewed participants’ medical facts to confirm the fresh new stroke prognosis and you will identify the newest coronary arrest kind of. Yet not, because twenty four% of women with coronary attack regarding NHS We and you can thirty-two% on NHS II failed to provide consent to review their scientific details, we had been incapable of classify all of the shots given that ischemic or hemorrhagic; for this reason, the latest amounts of coronary attack sizes were less. Nevertheless, the massive number of professionals while the much time lifetime of follow-right up given adequate capacity to locate clinically associated differences in threats from overall stroke and you may heart attack items. Simultaneously, new up-to-date meta-analyses given service in regards to our findings to the losing weight consumption out-of magnesium, potassium, and you may calcium and you may likelihood of complete heart attack. A primary limitation of your latest analysis was the shortcoming to independent the newest independent outcomes of the three minerals which have much confidence because of the large correlations between them. As well as, while the study populace predominantly consisted of Caucasian women ( 12), the results of one’s newest studies may not be generalizable to males or ethnically diverse communities.
To close out, is a result of this type of 2 large possible degree promote good evidence so you can assistance an inverse association anywhere between shared consumption out of magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements off dieting and stroke exposure. The fresh new independent character of each mineral on the reduction of stroke risk is tough so you can describe. On the other hand, the effect of these minerals toward chance of coronary attack independent out of food source is difficult to help you identify. This research supporting the advice of the Losing weight Approaches to Stop Blood pressure, Maximum Macronutrient Consumption Demo to prevent Heart problems, and you will Mediterranean dieting, and this provide highest weight reduction intake of those nutritional elements.
New authors’ requirements had been below-SNA: did mathematical analyses and you may blogged new manuscript; DS, WCW, and you can KMR: given vital views of your own manuscript; and all sorts of experts: comprehend and you can acknowledged the past manuscript. Nothing of your own people advertised a conflict of interest related to the research.
FOOTNOTES
Backed by the latest NIH (has UM1CA176726, UM1CA186107, D43TW009106, HL34594, CA87969, and you can HL088521) in addition to Bernard Lown https://datingranking.net/muslim-dating/ Cardiovascular illnesses Program (in order to SNA).
Procedures
Information was obtained on potential confounding factors, including medical history, other aspects of dietary intake, and lifestyle behaviors that could be associated with intake of these minerals and risk of stroke. These variables were updated biennially and included cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ?27 metabolic equivalent tasks per week), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60 y), multivitamin use (yes or no), thiazide use (yes or no), aspirin use at least 2 times/wk (yes or no), and history of hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Height and weight were self-reported at baseline, and weight was updated from follow-up questionnaire responses. BMI (in kg/m 2 ) was calculated as weight divided by height squared. BMI was divided into 3 categories (i.e., <25, 25 to <30, and ?30). Quintiles were calculated for total energy intake (kcal), and we used alcohol consumption categories of 0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, and ?15 g/d.
Age-standardized services regarding 86,149 ladies in the fresh NHS We in the 1994 and you can 94,715 women in the brand new NHS II inside 1995 by the quintiles out-of magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements intakes step one
Pooled RRs (95% CIs) of complete, ischemic, and you can hemorrhagic strokes of the quintiles away from overall and you can diet potassium intake from inside the 86,149 feamales in this new NHS I and you can 94,715 feamales in the brand new NHS II step 1
Of the seemingly highest level of relationship between these types of nutritional elements, we plus examined a mixed magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium eating plan rating ( Desk 5). To own testing of females regarding highest which have lower quintiles of combined magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium diet plan get, the newest pooled multivariate RR to possess complete heart attack is 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91; P-pattern = 0.003). Results were comparable to own ischemic not hemorrhagic heart attack.
Discussion
This new loved ones between consumption off magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium and threat of heart attack shown in the present data is similar to this new family anywhere between intake of these nutrition and you can danger of IHD. When you look at the possible education, weight reduction intake out of magnesium and you can potassium have been inversely of the risk of IHD ( 46, 47), but there was zero family relations having calcium supplements intake and you will chance of IHD in females ( 48). And, consumption off magnesium and you can calcium supplements not potassium was basically on the down threat of CVD death in a few ( twenty four, 46, 49) not all of the ( 50) degree.