Supine blood pressure (BP) was mentioned regarding the correct case playing with a handbook mercury sphygmomanometer, immediately after an effective 10-minute sleeping several months. The initial and fifth Korotkoff levels were utilized to help you establish systolic BP (SBP) and you may diastolic BP (DBP), correspondingly. New mean away from three measurements was thought to be the fresh new BP value. PP is actually recognized as the difference between SBP and DBP. Sides circumference (WC) is counted having fun with an enthusiastic inelastic recording put halfway amongst the down ribs and you may iliac crests towards mid-axillary range. Standard biological details (enzymatic strategy, automat HITACHI 917 (Roche, Meylan, France); colorimetric opportinity for albumin amount and you can hematology: ABX, Pentra 120, Meylan, France) was mentioned lower than fast requirements; high-thickness lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is actually measured by head enzymatic assay which have cyclodextrin (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). A sleeping electrocardiogram is actually submitted. Breathing means was analyzed of the spirometry by measuring pushed expiratory frequency (FEV1). Tobacco consumption (never ever cigarette smoker, ex-smoker and you may current tobacco user), physical working out (normal exercise: yes or no), individual medical background, latest pills and you may alcohol based drinks, social status and you can occupational pastime was basically examined playing with a personal-given questionnaire. Worry and you will depression ratings had been reviewed of the confirmed surveys (Beck et al., 1974; Cohen mais aussi al., 1983); Exposed Fitness Reputation (SHS) results was in fact accumulated with a home-estimate towards the a level anywhere between 0 and 10. Alcoholic drinks consumption is quantified while the number of standardized cups of alcoholic beverages (ten grams each cup) ate everyday. Every type out-of alcoholic drink (like cider and you may alcohol, drink, appetizer) is actually submitted. Full alcoholic drinks intake try calculated because amount of all types from alcoholic beverages consumed and also the corresponding amounts (since the grams out-of liquor) try estimated. Most of the health-related and you may physical details was in fact examined on a single go out of the test.
The fresh IPC Cardiovascular system obtained agreement regarding the Federal Committee of information and Civil Liberty in order to make this type of analyses. All subjects gave its advised consent at the time of the brand new test.
Analytical analysis
Alcoholic beverages try divided into five categories : (1) no alcohol based drinks, (2) reduced alcoholic beverages (less than one glass per day), (3) modest alcoholic beverages (between you to and you will around three cups daily), (4) large alcohol consumption (over three cups) and you can (5) subjects exactly who in earlier times ate alcohol however, who no more performed (previous drinkers). As a result of new heterogeneity from the group of former drinkers (time elapsed because cessation cougar life ücretli mi out-of alcoholic beverages, cause of it cessation, etcetera.), research in this classification had been reviewed individually.
For quantitative variables, the four first groups were compared by multivariate model analysis, which included age to take into account the difference in age observed between the different groups; respiratory function (FEV1) was compared across the groups before and after further adjustment for tobacco status. For qualitative variables, comparisons were made using the ? 2 test. As one may hypothesize that the relationships between alcohol and health and social status are not identical in males and females, we analyzed these relationships on the basis of stratification by gender. All parameters associated with alcohol consumption in univariate analysis were included in a multivariate model. Forward regression analysis was carried out and all variables remaining in the model were significant with P<0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS statistical software (version 8.02; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Results
Data collected from a total of 149 773 subjects (97 406 men and 52 367 women) were analyzed. The average ages of men and women were 47.6±15 and 47.0±12 years, respectively. In this population, 13.7% of men and 23.9% of women were abstinent (4.5% former drinkers and 9.2% never drinkers in men; 20.1% never drinkers and 3.1% former drinkers in women). Total alcohol intake increased with age both in men and in women. With the exception of the subgroup of young subjects (<30 years of age), alcoholic beverages mainly consisted of wine. In addition, wine consumption increased with age, whereas those of beer and appetizers decreased (P<0.0001).